Did Rome Build a Sanctuary to Jupiter at the Site of the Refounded City?
Emperor: Hadrian · City: Aelia Capitolina · Witness: Cassius Dio, Roman History 69
What the ancient record says
Dio connects Hadrian's refounding with a foreign sanctuary: on the site of the city called Yahrushalam, Hadrian founded Aelia Capitolina, and a sanctuary to Jupiter was erected. "Aelia Capitolina" was not a neutral municipal name, the colonial transformation carried Roman imperial and religious associations; the city was reconstructed within Rome's political/cultural system.
Jupiter was not another name for Yahuah, Jupiter was the chief deity of Roman state religion (Rome's Capitol associated with Jupiter Optimus Maximus); a Jupiter sanctuary belongs to Roman religious culture, not the Turah of Yahuah. Dio presents the Roman city + Jupiter sanctuary as a major reason for the war (not necessarily the only cause).
Limitation: precise location/construction history of every Roman structure requires separate archaeological proof; the safe claim is Dio's, Hadrian established Aelia Capitolina on the site, and Dio says a Jupiter sanctuary was erected.
Read it for yourself. Cassius Dio, Roman History Book 69 (before his Bar Kokhba account).
Evidence strength: Strong ancient historical testimony. Directly attested by Dio: Aelia Capitolina; a Jupiter sanctuary. Requires separate proof: precise reconstruction of every building/location.